The Nascom 1 and 2 where single-board computer kits produced between 1977 and 1979 in the United Kingdom. They were based of the Zilog Z80 CPU and came with a keyboard, a video interface, a serial port, and two 8-bit parallel ports. The serial port could be used to store data on tape using the Kansas City encoding standard.

The computers were kits, which meant that the buyer had to assemble them. As such it was unique that they came with a full keyboard and video interface. Assembling the unit consisted of soldering over 3000 joints on the circuit board.

The system was designed around the Z80 CPU and the Z80 PIO (Programmable I/O) chip. It also had a 6402 UART for serial communication and memory mapped video display that used a character generator. The Nascom 1 and 2 used 16 rows of 48 characters. Each row of characters used 64 memory locations. The extra 16 locations were hidden by video blanking. The characters were generated by the MCM6576P Character generator, which could generate 128 characters. The Nascom 2 also had a second character generator ROM that was used to display graphics characters. The machine came with Microsfot Basic built into an 8K ROM that used the graphics characters to create a blocky 96x48 semi graphics mode.

The CPU and video circuit shared the same RAM, but the CPU had RAM priority. If the CPU would write to RAM while the video circuit was reading from it, it could cause flickering on the display.

The Z80 quickly became popular in the personal computer market, with many early personal computers, such as the TRS-80 and Sinclair ZX80, using the Z80 as their central processing unit (CPU). It was also widely used in home computers, such as the MSX range, SORD, and the Amstrad CPC, as well as in many arcade games. Additionally, it was also used in other applications such as industrial control systems, and embedded systems. The Z80 was widely used until the mid-1980s, when it was gradually replaced by newer microprocessors such as the Intel 80286 and the Motorola 68000.

The Z80 microprocessor was developed by Zilog, a company founded by Federico Faggin in 1974. The Z80 was released in July 1976, as a successor to the Intel 8080. It was designed to be fully compatible with the 8080, but also included new features such as an improved instruction set, more powerful interrupts, and a more sophisticated memory management system.

Originally the Z80 was intended for use in embedded systems, just as the 8080 CPU. But the combination of compatibility, superior performance to other CPUs of the era, and the affordability led to a widespread use in arcade video game systems, and later in home computers such as the Osborne 1, TRS-80, ColecoVision, ZX Spectrum, MSX, Sega's Master System and many more. The Z-80 ran the original Pac-Man arcade cabinet. The Z-80 was used even in the Game Gear (1990s), and the TI-81 and succeeding graphic calculators.

The Z-80 remained in production until June of 2024, 48 years after its original release. Zilog replaced the processor with its successor the eZ80, an 8-bit microprocessor that features expanded memory addressing up to 16 megabytes, and running up to 50MHz, comparable to a Z80 clocked at 150MHz.