Sega  Sega Genesis CDX
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Sega Genesis CDX

Sega released a combined, semi-portable Genesis/Sega CD unit, the Genesis CDX. This console was marketed as the Multi-Mega in Europe. The price point of the unit was about $100 more than the individual Genesis and Sega CD units together, as the price for the Sega CD had been reduced to $229 half a year earlier. The CDX was bundled with Sonic CD, Sega Classics Arcade Collection and the Sega CD version of the game Ecco the Dolphin.

The Genesis CDX also had a small LCD screen on the front that displays the current track if an audio-cd was played on the unit. Sega used this to market the console in part as a portable CD player.

The Video Display Processor is capable of the following video modes and scroll planes:

Screen Resolution

NTSC

  • H40 mode - 320x224px (40x28 8x8 tiles)
  • H32 mode - 256x224px (32x28 8x8 tiles)

PAL

  • H40 mode - 320x240px (40x30 8x8 tiles)
  • H32 mode - 256x240px (32x30 8x8 tiles)

Graphics Planes

2 scroll planes

  • Plane B - Background Plane
    • Displays tile graphcis via tile maps
    • Plane A - Foreground Plane
      • Displays tile graphcis via tile maps
      • Window subplane - subplane for plane A, with tile graphics that does not scroll with the rest of the plane
    • Each row of tiles is rendered column-by-column
    • Tiles on each plane can have priority low or high

    1 Sprite Plane

    • Draws sprite tile graphics
    • Internally, sprites are rendered in reverse order; i.e., each column of tiles is rendered by rows.
    • Sprites are positioned in a virtual 512x512 grid with 128x128 the top left corner of the display
    • Genesis can display up to 80 hardware sprites simultaneously
    • 20 sprites can be rendered on the same scanline before flicker
    • Sprite sizes can be 1-4 tiles big (each tile is 8x8), combining them can make larger sprites
    • Sprites can have high or low priority. Low priority sprites are displayed behind high priority tiles in other layers.

Texas Instruments SN76489 Sound Generator

THe SN76489 Digital Complex Sound Generator (DCSG) is a TTL compatible programmable sound generator chip created by Texas Instruments. It main application was the generation of music and sound effects in home computers, arcade machines and home game consoles. Functionally the chip was similar to the General Instrument AY-3-8910.

SOund Capabilities:

  • 3 Square Wave tone generators, 16 volume levels
  • 1 White Noise Generator (white and periodic noice, 3 frequencies, 16 volumes)

The SN76489 Was originally designed to be used in the TI-99/4 computer, where it was first called the TMS9919 and later SN94624, and had a 500 kHz max clock input rate. Later, when it was sold outside of TI, it was renamed the SN76489, and a divide-by-8 was added to its clock input, increasing the max clock input rate to 4 MHz, to facilitate sharing a crystal for both NTSC colorburst and clocking the sound chip. A version of the chip without the divide-by-8 input was also sold outside of TI as the SN76494, which has a 500 kHz max clock input rate.

Motorola 68000 CPU Family

The Motorola 68000 is a 16/32-bit microprocessor that was first released in 1979. It was widely used in computers and other electronic devices during the 1980s and early 1990s. The 68000 was known for its advanced architecture, which included a 32-bit internal bus and a 24-bit address bus, allowing it to access up to 16 megabytes of memory. This made it more powerful than many other processors of its time, such as the Intel 8086 and Zilog Z80. It was also designed to be highly modular and expandable, with a large number of on-chip and off-chip peripherals.

Some of the most famous and successful computers that used the 68000 was the Commodore Amiga and the Atari ST, both of which were popular in the home and personal computer markets. Additionally, it was also used in workstations, such as the Sun 3 and Apollo DN3000, and in a wide variety of embedded systems and industrial control systems. The 68000 was also used in the Macintosh, the first model of the Macintosh was powered by a Motorola 68000 CPU. The processor was eventually succeeded by the 68020 and 68030, which offered improved performance and additional features.

The 68000 has a 32-bit instruction set, with 32-bit registers and a 16-bit internal data bus. The address bus is 24-bit and does not use memory segmentation, making it easier to address memory. There are three ALU's (Arithmetic Logic Unit), two for calculating addresses, and one for data, and the chip has a 16-bit external address bus.

The 68000 architecture was expanded with 32-bit ALUs, and caches. Here is a list with some 680x0 versions and their major improvements:

  • 68010 - Virtual memory support
  • 68020 - 32-bit ALU & Instruction Cache
  • 68030 - On-Chip MMU, 2x 256 byte cache
  • 68040 - 2x 4K Cache, 6 stage pipeline, FPU
  • 68LC040 - No Floating Point Unit (FPU)
  • 68060 - 2x 8K Cache, 10 stage pipelinet

Zilog Z80 CPU Family

The Z80 quickly became popular in the personal computer market, with many early personal computers, such as the TRS-80 and Sinclair ZX80, using the Z80 as their central processing unit (CPU). It was also widely used in home computers, such as the MSX range, SORD, and the Amstrad CPC, as well as in many arcade games. Additionally, it was also used in other applications such as industrial control systems, and embedded systems. The Z80 was widely used until the mid-1980s, when it was gradually replaced by newer microprocessors such as the Intel 80286 and the Motorola 68000.

The Z80 microprocessor was developed by Zilog, a company founded by Federico Faggin in 1974. The Z80 was released in July 1976, as a successor to the Intel 8080. It was designed to be fully compatible with the 8080, but also included new features such as an improved instruction set, more powerful interrupts, and a more sophisticated memory management system.

The Z80 quickly became popular in the personal computer market, with many early personal computers, such as the TRS-80 and Sinclair ZX80, using the Z80 as their central processing unit (CPU). It was also widely used in home computers, such as the MSX range, SORD, and the Amstrad CPC, as well as in many arcade games. Additionally, it was also used in other applications such as industrial control systems, and embedded systems. The Z80 was widely used until the mid-1980s, when it was gradually replaced by newer microprocessors such as the Intel 80286 and the Motorola 68000. The design was licensed to Synertek and Mostek as well as the European SGS.

The Z80s instruction set is binary compatible with the Intel 8080, so that 8080 code such as the CP/M Operating System and Intel's PL/M compiler for the 8080 can run unmodified on the Z80. The Z80 had many enhancements over the 8080 such as 16-bit data movement instructions, block copy and block I/O instructions, single bit addressing of all registers, IX/IY offset registers, better interrupt system and a complete duplicate register file for context switching during an interrupt.

Source: WikiPedia
Technical Details
Released 1991 Brand Sega Type Sega Genesis / Megadrive Name Sega Genesis CDX CPU Class 68000 CPU Motorola 68000 @12.5MHz
Motorola 68000@7.6MHz
Z80 @3.58MHz
Sound Chip Z80, Yamaha YM2612, Texas Instruments SN76489 Sound Stereo sound Display Chip YM7101 VDP (Combined with YM2612 as the ASIC FC1004) Display 320x240 in 61 colors out of 512 Best Color 61 colors out of 512 Best Graphics 320x480 (Interlaced) Sprites 80 hardware sprites simultanuously, 20 per scanline. Storage ROM Cartridges
CD-ROM
Original Price $399.95
Related Systems
 
Sega Game (SG)
 
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Sega  Genesis CDX (1991)
 
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Related Media
 
68' Micro Journal
Magazine devoted to the 68xx user
World Wide Web Links
 
Wikipedia: Motorola 68000 CPU Family
WikiPedia page on the Motorola 68000 series of processors
 
Wikipedia: The Z80 CPU
Wikipedia page on the very popular Z80 8-bit CPU used in many computers of the 1980's era.