NEC PC-8801 FE2
The NEC PC-8801 FE2 was a revision of the PC-8801 FE in order to reduce cost even further. The case was renewed and made out of a single shell, including the drive-bays. Therefore the machine only came in one configuration, with two 5.25" disk drives.
NEC PC 8800 series
The NEC PC-8800 series is a range of home computers manufactured by NEC for the Japanese market between 1981 and 1989. The series began with the launch of the PC-8801 and was marketed as a high-end home computer.
In October of 1982 NEC also launched a 16-bit series of computer, the PC-9800 series. Eventually these computers morphed into NEC branded IBM-PC compatible computers.
Programming on the PC-8800 series
The PC-8800 series uses a pair of powerful programming languages: N-BASIC and N88-BASIC. The use of N-BASIC makes the computer compatible with programs written for the NEC PC-8000 series, while N88-BASIC gives the PC-8800 series even more capabilities, especially for graphics. In addition the use of N88-BASIC gives the computer full advantage of memory, to use all of the 64kByte RAM for data and programs.
Sound and Graphics of the NEC PC-8800 series
NEC PC-8800 Sound Capabilities The early computers in the PC-8800 series use a simple internal speaker, much like the Apple II and the IBM PC computers. Later models added FM-synthesis chips for much better music and sound-effects in games.
NEC PC-8800 Graphics modes: Not all modes are available on all machines, see above for the modes available for this machine. The PC-8800 line graphics chip-sets are backwards compatible.
- N mode - PC-8000 series compatible graphics mode
- V1 mode
- 640(or 320)x200 in 8 colors
- 640(or 320)x400 in 2 colors
- V2 mode
- 640x200 in 8 colors out of a 512 color palette
- 640x400 in 2 colors out of a 512 color palette
- V3 mode
- 640x200 in 65536 colors
- 640x400 in 256 out of 65536 colors
- 320x200 in 65536 colors
- 320x400 in 64 out of 65536 colors
In V1/V2 400 line mode, the R and B planes are combined to create the greater resolution, at the cost of color depth, only monochrome graphics are available. The G plane is not used for display, and can be used as additional work memory to store data.
List of PC-88 models grouped by their Graphics and Sound capabilities:
- CPU - µPD780C-1 @ 4MHz
- Memory - 64 KByte RAM, 48 KByte VRAM
- Graphics Modes- N-Mode, V1 Mode
- Sound - Beeper
- CPU - µPD780C-1 @ 4MHz
- Memory - 64 KByte RAM, 48 KByte VRAM
- Graphics Modes- N-Mode, V1 Mode
- Sound - Beeper & Optional YM2149 FM
- CPU - µPD780C-1 @ 4MHz
- Memory - 64 KByte RAM, 48 KByte VRAM
- Graphics Modes - N-Mode, V1 Mode, V2 Mode
- Sound - YM2203 Mono FM Synthesis
- CPU - µPD780C-1 @ 4MHz
- Memory - 64 KByte RAM, 48 KByte VRAM
- Graphics Modes - V1 Mode, V2 Mode
- Sound - YM2203 Mono FM Synthesis
- CPU - µPD780C-1 @ 4MHz
- Memory - 192 KByte RAM, 48 KByte VRAM
- Graphics Modes - V1 Mode, V2 Mode
- Sound - YM2203 Mono FM Synthesis
- CPU - µPD70008 @ 8MHz
- Memory - 64 KByte RAM, 48 KByte VRAM
- Graphics Modes - V1 Mode, V2 Mode
- Sound - YM2203 Mono FM Synthesis
- CPU - µPD70008 @ 8MHz
- Memory - 192 KByte RAM, 48 KByte VRAM
- Graphics Modes - V1 Mode, V2 Mode
- Sound - YM2203 Mono FM Synthesis
- CPU - µPD90002 @ 8MHz
- Memory - 512 KByte RAM, 256 KByte VRAM
- Graphics Modes - V1 Mode, V2 Mode, V3 Mode
- Sound - YM2203 Mono FM Synthesis
- CPU - µPD70008 @ 8MHz
- Memory - 64 KByte RAM, 48 KByte VRAM
- Graphics Modes - V1 Mode, V2 Mode
- Sound - YM2608 Stereo FM + Mono ADPCM
- CPU - µPD70008 @ 8MHz
- Memory - 192 KByte RAM, 48 KByte VRAM
- Graphics Modes - V1 Mode, V2 Mode
- Sound - YM2608 Stereo FM + Mono ADPCM
- CPU - µPD90002 @ 8MHz
- Memory - 512 KByte RAM, 256 KByte VRAM
- Graphics Modes - V1 Mode, V2 Mode, V3 Mode
- Sound - YM2608 Stereo FM + Mono ADPCM
Yamaha YM2203 FM Sound Chip
The Yamaha YM2203 is an FM Operator Type-N (OPN) chip. It is a six channel sound chip developed by Yamaha. There are 3 FM and 3 SSG channels. The Yamaha OPN family of FM chips is used in many computer systems and video games throughout the 1980s and the 1990s. It was used in later editions of the NEC PC-8800 line of computers, some Sharp computers and many arcade game machines.
The YM2203 generates sound via frequency modulated sine waves. There are 12 different cells that each generate a 13-bit sine wave at a programmable frequency. The volume of each sine wave is controlled by a programmable ADSR envelope generator. The output of these cells can be summed by a mixer, or fed into the input of another cell creating up to 4-cell batches that create the final sound of a channel. Each channel can use 4 cells, for a total of 3 FM channels. Various combinations of ADSR parameters, multipliers and other settings make up the instrument patches, these are FM generated representations of sound that resemble certain intruments.
The SSG module of the YM2203 is basically an implementation of the YM2149 SSG chip, that was included on the YM2203. It has three wave channels and a noise generator.
A YM3014 Digital to Audio Converter (DAC) was used with the YM2203 to generate the audio signal.
Block Diagram and pin layout of the YM2203
Zilog Z80 CPU Family
The Z80 quickly became popular in the personal computer market, with many early personal computers, such as the TRS-80 and Sinclair ZX80, using the Z80 as their central processing unit (CPU). It was also widely used in home computers, such as the MSX range, SORD, and the Amstrad CPC, as well as in many arcade games. Additionally, it was also used in other applications such as industrial control systems, and embedded systems. The Z80 was widely used until the mid-1980s, when it was gradually replaced by newer microprocessors such as the Intel 80286 and the Motorola 68000.
The Z80 microprocessor was developed by Zilog, a company founded by Federico Faggin in 1974. The Z80 was released in July 1976, as a successor to the Intel 8080. It was designed to be fully compatible with the 8080, but also included new features such as an improved instruction set, more powerful interrupts, and a more sophisticated memory management system.
The Z80 quickly became popular in the personal computer market, with many early personal computers, such as the TRS-80 and Sinclair ZX80, using the Z80 as their central processing unit (CPU). It was also widely used in home computers, such as the MSX range, SORD, and the Amstrad CPC, as well as in many arcade games. Additionally, it was also used in other applications such as industrial control systems, and embedded systems. The Z80 was widely used until the mid-1980s, when it was gradually replaced by newer microprocessors such as the Intel 80286 and the Motorola 68000. The design was licensed to Synertek and Mostek as well as the European SGS.
The Z80s instruction set is binary compatible with the Intel 8080, so that 8080 code such as the CP/M Operating System and Intel's PL/M compiler for the 8080 can run unmodified on the Z80. The Z80 had many enhancements over the 8080 such as 16-bit data movement instructions, block copy and block I/O instructions, single bit addressing of all registers, IX/IY offset registers, better interrupt system and a complete duplicate register file for context switching during an interrupt.
Source: WikiPediaVRAM: 48kB Sound Chip Yamaha YM2203 Sound Mono YM2203 FM Display Chip none Display 640x200 (3 screens), 640x400 (1 screen), 8 out of 512 colors Best Color 8 out of 512 colors Best Graphics 620x400 in 2 from 512 colors Sprites n/a System OS N80-BASIC IN ROM Storage Two 5.25 internal Disk Drives. Original Price ¥119,000